Explore Croatia's sustainable tourism, energy transition, and EU integration strategies for infrastructure modernization.
Introduction
Croatia's strategic focus in 2025 weaves together sustainable tourism development, energy transition, and European Union (EU) integration as key pillars for economic growth and modernization. The nation's commitment to sustainable tourism manifests in a deliberate pivot from mass tourism to quality-focused experiences, which are both authentic and environmentally conscious. This shift is supported by computational methods that optimize resource allocation and minimize ecological impact, extending tourism benefits beyond the coastal areas into the heartland. As Croatia aligns with EU standards, significant emphasis is placed on the energy transition, earmarking approximately €652 million for renewable energy and efficiency projects, driving decarbonization and enhancing infrastructure resilience.
API Rate Limiting and Caching for Sustainable Tourism Data
import requests
from cachetools import TTLCache
# Configure cache
cache = TTLCache(maxsize=100, ttl=300)
def fetch_tourism_data(api_url, headers):
if api_url in cache:
return cache[api_url]
try:
response = requests.get(api_url, headers=headers)
response.raise_for_status()
data = response.json()
cache[api_url] = data
return data
except requests.exceptions.HTTPError as err:
raise SystemExit(err)
headers = {'Authorization': 'Bearer your_api_token'}
tourism_data = fetch_tourism_data('https://api.tourismdata.hr/v1/sites', headers)
print(tourism_data)
What This Code Does:
This Python script fetches tourism data while implementing rate limiting and caching strategies to optimize API usage and improve response times.
Business Impact:
Reduces API call costs, prevents rate limit breaches, and accelerates data retrieval for decision-making in tourism management.
Implementation Steps:
1. Install required packages: pip install requests cachetools.
2. Use the function `fetch_tourism_data` with your API URL and authentication token.
Expected Result:
[{'site': 'Plitvice Lakes', 'visitors': 12345, ...}]
Background
Croatia's tourism industry has undergone a significant transformation over recent decades, evolving from a focus on mass tourism to a more sustainable, quality-focused approach. Historically, coastal regions have been the primary draw for tourists, leading to economic reliance on seasonal, high-volume tourist traffic. However, recent strategic priorities reflect a shift towards sustainable tourism, aiming to extend the tourist season and promote authentic, high-value experiences across the entire country, including inland regions.
Integral to this evolution has been Croatia's integration into the European Union. EU membership has facilitated both regulatory alignment and access to substantial funding, which in turn has directed infrastructural modernization and energy transition initiatives. In 2025, Croatia's alignment with EU policies has been pivotal in directing approximately €652 million in grants toward renewable energy projects, enhancing energy efficiency, and supporting the decarbonization of heating systems. Such investments not only signify a commitment to green energy transition but also align with broader EU environmental goals.
Recent developments underscore the growing importance of these sustainability efforts. The inclusion of Croatian towns in the list of top cultural heritage destinations reflects the successful integration of sustainable practices into tourism strategies.
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This trend exemplifies Croatia's strategic pivot towards sustainable tourism, catalyzed by EU integration and infrastructural modernization efforts.
API Integration Example for Infrastructure Modernization
RESTful API Development for Real-time Data Synchronization
import requests
def fetch_tourism_data(api_key, endpoint):
headers = {
'Authorization': f'Bearer {api_key}',
'Content-Type': 'application/json'
}
try:
response = requests.get(endpoint, headers=headers)
response.raise_for_status()
return response.json()
except requests.exceptions.RequestException as e:
print(f"API request failed: {e}")
return None
api_key = 'your_api_key_here'
endpoint = 'https://api.croatiatourism.example.com/data'
tourism_data = fetch_tourism_data(api_key, endpoint)
if tourism_data:
print("Data retrieved successfully:", tourism_data)
else:
print("Failed to retrieve data.")
What This Code Does:
This Python script demonstrates how to make an authenticated RESTful API call to retrieve real-time tourism data crucial for infrastructure modernization efforts.
Business Impact:
By automating data retrieval, tourism operators save significant time and reduce errors in data handling, enhancing their responsiveness to market demands.
Implementation Steps:
1. Obtain an API key from the Croatian tourism data provider.
2. Insert your API key and endpoint URL into the script.
3. Run the script to fetch and print real-time data.
Expected Result:
Data retrieved successfully: {'visitor_count': 12000, 'regions': ['Istria', 'Dalmatia', 'Zagreb']}
Sustainable Tourism Development in Croatia
The evolution of Croatia's tourism sector is intricately tied to sustainable practices, energy transitions, and EU integration. The focus on sustainable tourism emphasizes a shift from traditional mass tourism towards quality-focused travel experiences. This strategic realignment aims to attract tourists seeking authentic engagement and cultural experiences beyond the coastline, thereby promoting economic resilience and environmental sustainability.
Transition to Quality-Focused Tourism
Recent trends in Croatian tourism underscore a departure from mass tourism, as evidenced by policies targeting high-value tourists interested in culturally rich and diverse experiences. This strategy aims to extend the tourist season and promote year-round tourism, mitigating the environmental and social impact on coastal regions. The move towards a decentralized tourism model is supported by empirical studies that leverage computational methods to analyze traveler preferences and economic outcomes.
Year-Round Tourism Strategies
To achieve year-round tourism, Croatia is investing in infrastructure modernization, including transportation networks to inland destinations, digital platforms for seamless travel experiences, and renewable energy sources to power tourist facilities. These initiatives align with EU guidelines on sustainable development and energy efficiency. Such systematic approaches include the use of data analysis frameworks to forecast seasonal demand and optimize resource allocation.
RESTful API Development for Tourist Data Integration
import requests
def get_tourist_data(api_url, api_key):
headers = {'Authorization': f'Bearer {api_key}'}
try:
response = requests.get(api_url, headers=headers)
response.raise_for_status()
return response.json()
except requests.exceptions.HTTPError as http_err:
print(f'HTTP error occurred: {http_err}')
except Exception as err:
print(f'An error occurred: {err}')
# Example usage
api_url = "https://api.croatiantourism.com/v1/data"
api_key = "your_api_key_here"
tourist_data = get_tourist_data(api_url, api_key)
print(tourist_data)
What This Code Does:
This code snippet demonstrates how to fetch tourist data from a RESTful API, ensuring secure authentication and handling potential errors.
Business Impact:
This implementation saves time by automating data retrieval for tourism analysis, reducing manual errors, and improving operational efficiency.
Implementation Steps:
1. Set up an account to obtain an API key. 2. Replace the placeholder with your API key. 3. Run the script to fetch and print data.
Expected Result:
{'tourists': [{'region': 'Istria', 'visitors': 12000}, {'region': 'Dubrovnik', 'visitors': 15000}]}
Through strategic investments in infrastructure and sustainable practices, Croatia aims to enhance its tourism sector while aligning with EU sustainability goals. These efforts highlight the importance of integrating economic theories and empirical data to foster a more resilient and diversified tourism industry.
Green Energy Transition in Croatian Tourism Development
Croatia's strategy for tourism development intricately intertwines with its ambitious green energy transition initiatives, focusing on sustainable and environmentally-friendly solutions. As part of its broader EU integration efforts and infrastructure modernization, Croatia is poised to transform its energy sector, leveraging significant EU funding and regulatory support.
Croatian Tourism Development and Energy Transition Metrics 2025
Source: Research findings on Croatian tourism development
| Metric | Value |
| Total Grants for Renewable Energy Projects |
€652 million |
| Target Solar Energy Capacity by 2030 |
960 MW |
| Target Wind Energy Capacity by 2030 |
2562 MW |
| Renewable Energy Share in Final Consumption by 2030 |
44% |
Key insights: Croatia is heavily investing in renewable energy as part of its tourism development strategy. The country aims to significantly increase its solar and wind energy capacities by 2030. EU integration and funding play a crucial role in Croatia's energy transition and infrastructure modernization efforts.
The commitment to renewable energy is underscored by substantial investments aimed at increasing the share of renewables in the national energy mix. By 2030, Croatia targets to elevate its renewable energy share to 44% of final consumption, with solar and wind capacities projected to reach 960 MW and 2562 MW, respectively. Such ambitious targets necessitate systematic approaches to policy formulation and the deployment of cutting-edge infrastructure technologies.
Projected Growth in Renewable Energy Capacity in Croatia (2023-2030)
Source: Research Findings
| Year | Solar Capacity (MW) | Wind Capacity (MW) |
| 2023 |
138 | 987 |
| 2025 |
400 | 1500 |
| 2030 |
960 | 2562 |
Key insights: Croatia aims to significantly increase its solar and wind energy capacity by 2030. The expansion aligns with Croatia's strategy for sustainable tourism and infrastructure modernization. EU funding plays a critical role in supporting Croatia's renewable energy projects.
Recent developments in sustainable tourism underscore the importance of integrating renewable energy sources into Croatia's tourism infrastructure. A notable trend is the rise of luxury cycling tours as a preferred mode of active travel in Croatia, reflecting a broader consumer shift towards sustainable tourism experiences.
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This trend highlights the dynamic interplay between tourism development and energy transition in Croatia, as these sectors jointly contribute to a sustainable economic future. By prioritizing green energy and sustainable tourism practices, Croatia not only enhances its appeal as a travel destination but also reinforces its commitment to environmental stewardship.
API Rate Limiting and Caching Strategies for Renewable Energy Data
import requests
from cachetools import cached, TTLCache
# Set up caching with a time-to-live of 10 minutes
cache = TTLCache(maxsize=100, ttl=600)
@cached(cache)
def fetch_renewable_energy_data(api_url, headers):
try:
response = requests.get(api_url, headers=headers)
response.raise_for_status()
return response.json()
except requests.exceptions.HTTPError as http_err:
print(f"HTTP error occurred: {http_err}")
except Exception as err:
print(f"Other error occurred: {err}")
api_url = "https://api.renewabledata.hr/energy"
headers = {"Authorization": "Bearer your_access_token"}
data = fetch_renewable_energy_data(api_url, headers)
print(data)
What This Code Does:
This Python script fetches renewable energy data from an API, implementing caching to minimize redundant API calls and optimize data retrieval efficiency.
Business Impact:
By reducing API calls, this approach saves bandwidth and reduces server load, enhancing the overall performance of renewable energy data systems.
Implementation Steps:
1. Install the required libraries: `requests` and `cachetools`. 2. Set up your API access credentials. 3. Execute the script to access and cache renewable energy data efficiently.
Expected Result:
{"solar_capacity": 960, "wind_capacity": 2562, "renewable_share": 44}
In conclusion, Croatia’s initiative to align tourism development with energy transition offers a model for integrating sustainable practices into national economic strategies, ensuring long-term environmental and financial sustainability.
EU Integration and Regulatory Alignment
Croatia's accession to the European Union in 2013 marked a pivotal transition in its regulatory landscape, particularly affecting its tourism and energy sectors. Alignment with EU standards necessitates comprehensive reforms in regulatory frameworks, driving forward Croatia's modernization agenda. This integration process is underpinned by adherence to rigorous EU guidelines, compelling Croatia to harmonize its national policies with broader European directives.
The influence of EU policies extends significantly into Croatia's local regulatory environment. For instance, the EU's Renewable Energy Directive and Green Deal objectives have necessitated reforms in energy policy, steering investments towards renewable energy sources. This alignment fosters sustainable development in tourism, which is crucial for maintaining competitiveness and ecological responsibility.
Key Milestones in Croatia's EU Integration: Tourism and Energy Transition
Source: Research Findings
| Year |
Milestone |
| 2013 |
Croatia joins the European Union, initiating integration processes in tourism and energy sectors. |
| 2020 |
Launch of the revised National Energy and Climate Plan (NECP) targeting 44% renewable energy by 2030. |
| 2023 |
Introduction of regulatory reforms to streamline renewable energy project permitting and grid integration. |
| 2025 |
€652 million allocated for renewable energy projects, emphasizing solar and wind capacity expansion. |
| 2025 |
Focus on sustainable tourism with EU-supported infrastructure modernization and digital transformation. |
Key insights: Croatia's EU membership has significantly influenced its tourism and energy policies. The country is making substantial investments in renewable energy to meet EU climate targets. Sustainable tourism practices are being prioritized to enhance competitiveness and environmental responsibility.
The strategic implementation of EU integration policies is exemplified in Croatia's approach to tourism and energy transition. Through computational methods and data analysis frameworks, Croatia has optimized its resource allocation, facilitating the systematic development of tourism infrastructure and energy projects. Investment in renewable energy is instrumental for Croatia to meet EU climate objectives, while sustainable tourism development aligns with EU initiatives for environmental preservation and economic resilience.
RESTful API Implementation for Renewable Energy Data Synchronization
import requests
def fetch_energy_data(api_url, token):
headers = {'Authorization': f'Bearer {token}'}
try:
response = requests.get(api_url, headers=headers)
response.raise_for_status()
return response.json()
except requests.exceptions.RequestException as e:
print(f"Error fetching data: {e}")
return None
api_url = "https://api.energydata.croatia/eu_integration"
auth_token = "your-secure-token"
energy_data = fetch_energy_data(api_url, auth_token)
if energy_data:
# Process and sync data
print("Data fetched and processed successfully.")
What This Code Does:
This snippet fetches renewable energy data from a hypothetical Croatian governmental API, ensuring data synchronization and integration with EU standards. It manages token-based authentication and error handling for robust service integration.
Business Impact:
This integration significantly reduces manual data processing time, minimizes synchronization errors, and enhances strategic decision-making by providing timely, accurate data.
Implementation Steps:
1. Replace api_url and auth_token with actual API endpoint and secure token. 2. Ensure requests library is installed in your Python environment. 3. Integrate this data fetching into your data processing pipeline.
Expected Result:
Data fetched and processed successfully.
Case Studies and Examples
The ongoing transformation of Croatia's tourism infrastructure is underscored by key projects and initiatives that align with the nation's strategic goals for sustainable tourism, energy transition, and EU integration. The Korlat Solar Power Plant and digital transformation initiatives are central to these efforts, serving as paradigmatic examples of how Croatia is leveraging renewable energy and digital tools to modernize its tourism sector.
The Korlat Solar Power Plant is a landmark project that embodies Croatia's commitment to green energy. With an installed capacity of 99 MW, it significantly boosts the country's solar capacity, contributing directly to the National Energy and Climate Plan (NECP) aim of achieving 44% renewable energy in final consumption by 2030. This project not only exemplifies energy transition but also supports sustainable tourism by reducing dependence on fossil fuels and lowering carbon footprints.
In parallel, Croatia has initiated digital transformation strategies under the Digital Croatia Strategy 2032, aiming to enhance smart tourism. These initiatives focus on integrating digital tools to streamline operations, optimize visitor experiences, and foster a more resilient tourism industry. Such digital efforts are critical as Croatia aligns with EU digital policies and enhances its global competitiveness.
To address challenges in integrating technology with existing infrastructure, computational methods and data analysis frameworks are employed. For instance, RESTful API development with authentication and error handling is crucial for seamless integration with third-party services and real-time data updates, which is illustrated below:
RESTful API Development for Tourism Data Integration
import requests
url = "https://api.example.com/tourism-data"
headers = {
"Authorization": "Bearer YOUR_ACCESS_TOKEN",
"Content-Type": "application/json"
}
def fetch_tourism_data():
try:
response = requests.get(url, headers=headers)
response.raise_for_status()
data = response.json()
return data
except requests.exceptions.HTTPError as err:
print(f"HTTP error occurred: {err}")
except Exception as err:
print(f"An error occurred: {err}")
tourism_data = fetch_tourism_data()
if tourism_data:
print("Data fetched successfully:", tourism_data)
What This Code Does:
This code snippet demonstrates a practical application of RESTful API to integrate tourism data from external sources into a centralized system, facilitating real-time data updates and enhanced analytical capabilities.
Business Impact:
This implementation can significantly reduce manual data entry errors, streamline data processing workflows, and improve decision-making efficiency by providing timely information for tourism stakeholders.
Implementation Steps:
1. Obtain an access token from the tourism data provider.
2. Set up the API endpoint URL and headers for authentication.
3. Use the `requests` library in Python to make the GET request.
4. Handle potential errors gracefully and process the returned data.
Expected Result:
Data fetched successfully: {'visitors': 12345, 'arrivals': 6789, 'revenue': 987654}
Recent developments in the industry highlight the growing importance of such systematic approaches. The recognition of MEP Nikolina Brnjac by the Global Business Travel Association (GBTA) underscores Croatia's commitment to advancing sustainable practices in tourism.
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This trend demonstrates the practical applications we'll explore in the following sections, focusing on how Croatia is poised to leverage energy transition and digital integration to propel its tourism sector into a sustainable future.
Croatian Tourism Development and Energy Transition Initiatives in 2025
Source: Research Findings
| Initiative | Investment (€ million) | Outcome |
| Renewable Energy Projects |
652 | Expansion of solar and wind capacity |
| Korlat Solar Power Plant |
99 | Increased solar capacity to 99 MW |
| NECP Renewable Target |
N/A | 44% renewables in final energy consumption by 2030 |
| Digital Croatia Strategy 2032 |
N/A | Enhanced digital transformation and smart tourism |
Key insights: Significant investment in renewable energy is a key driver of Croatia's sustainable tourism development. • The Korlat solar power plant is a major project contributing to increased solar capacity. • The NECP aims to significantly raise the share of renewables, supporting Croatia's energy transition goals.
Comparison of Traditional Mass Tourism vs. Sustainable Tourism in Croatia (2025)
Source: Research findings on Croatian tourism development
| Metric |
Traditional Mass Tourism |
Sustainable Tourism |
| Visitor Numbers |
20 million annually |
15 million annually |
| Seasonal Distribution |
Peak in summer months |
Year-round, with focus on off-peak |
| Economic Impact |
High revenue, high environmental cost |
Balanced revenue with lower environmental impact |
| Energy Transition |
Limited focus on renewables |
€652 million investment in renewables |
| Infrastructure Modernization |
Basic infrastructure |
Advanced green and digital infrastructure |
Key insights: Sustainable tourism in Croatia aims to reduce environmental impact while maintaining economic benefits. • There is a strategic shift towards year-round tourism to alleviate seasonal pressures. • Investments in renewable energy and infrastructure modernization are central to Croatia's tourism development.
Best Practices for Croatian Tourism Development and Energy Transition
Croatia's tourism sector is evolving from a traditional mass-tourism model toward a sustainable and quality-focused framework, driven by economic analysis and market dynamics. Key lessons from successful projects highlight the importance of integrating sustainable practices and energy transition into the broader context of EU integration and infrastructure modernization.
### Transition to Sustainable Tourism
Empirical analysis shows that targeting travelers seeking authentic experiences enhances economic benefits while reducing environmental impacts. Market mechanisms that promote off-peak travel and diversify geographical attractions prove critical. By dispersing tourism outside the Adriatic coast, economic resilience and social equity are improved, mitigating seasonal pressures.
### Green Energy Initiatives
Investments in renewable energy are pivotal. Croatia's €652 million commitment to green projects exemplifies how public funding catalyzes private sector engagement in decarbonization and energy efficiency. This systematic approach enhances both environmental sustainability and energy independence.
### Recommendations for Future Initiatives
1. **Data-Driven Decision Making:** Employ data analysis frameworks to predict seasonal trends and optimize resource allocation.
2. **Policy Integration:** Align national tourism and energy policies with EU directives to streamline regulatory compliance and access funding.
3. **Infrastructure Modernization:** Leverage digital transformation to enhance tourist experiences and operational efficiency.
RESTful API for Real-time Energy Monitoring
from flask import Flask, jsonify, request
app = Flask(__name__)
@app.route('/energy', methods=['GET'])
def get_energy_data():
try:
# Simulated data retrieval from energy monitoring system
energy_data = {'solar': 1200, 'wind': 800, 'hydro': 300}
return jsonify(energy_data), 200
except Exception as e:
return jsonify({'error': str(e)}), 500
if __name__ == '__main__':
app.run(debug=True)
What This Code Does:
This RESTful API provides real-time updates of energy production from various renewable sources, enhancing energy management for infrastructure modernization.
Business Impact:
This implementation allows for efficient monitoring and management of energy resources, leading to improved energy utilization and reduced operational costs.
Implementation Steps:
1. Install Flask using pip. 2. Set up the Python environment. 3. Run the script and access energy data via the API endpoint.
Expected Result:
{"solar": 1200, "wind": 800, "hydro": 300}
Future projects should continue leveraging such computational methods and automated processes to ensure Croatia's tourism sector is resilient, economically beneficial, and environmentally sustainable.
Challenges and Troubleshooting
Croatia's strategy for enhancing tourism through energy transition and EU integration presents numerous challenges. A key issue is the systematic integration of green energy within tourism infrastructure, which requires substantial investment and coordination among stakeholders. This involves aligning national policies with EU directives to achieve energy efficiency and sustainability targets.
Moreover, the interoperability of existing systems with new technologies can be difficult due to legacy constraints and varying technological standards. Efficient data synchronization between tourism operators and energy systems is vital for real-time decision-making but often faces barriers due to inconsistent data formats and privacy concerns.
RESTful API for Tourism and Energy Data Synchronization with Error Handling
import requests
from requests.auth import HTTPBasicAuth
def sync_tourism_energy_data(api_endpoint, username, password):
headers = {'Accept': 'application/json'}
try:
response = requests.get(api_endpoint, auth=HTTPBasicAuth(username, password), headers=headers)
response.raise_for_status()
data = response.json()
# Process the data here
return data
except requests.exceptions.HTTPError as err:
print(f"HTTP error occurred: {err}")
except Exception as err:
print(f"An error occurred: {err}")
# Example usage
api_endpoint = "https://api.croatia-energy-tourism.com/data"
username = "tourism_user"
password = "securepassword123"
data = sync_tourism_energy_data(api_endpoint, username, password)
What This Code Does:
This code snippet demonstrates how to create a RESTful API call to synchronize tourism and energy data with basic authentication and error handling, addressing issues of data integration between the tourism industry and energy infrastructure.
Business Impact:
This implementation facilitates seamless data flow, reducing manual data management efforts and enhancing accuracy, thereby improving decision-making capabilities across tourism and energy sectors.
Implementation Steps:
1. Ensure API endpoint is accessible and secure.
2. Replace placeholders in the code with actual credentials.
3. Test the code in a controlled environment to validate data synchronization.
Expected Result:
Successfully retrieves and processes real-time tourism and energy data with reduced error rates.
This content highlights Croatia's economic and infrastructure challenges in its energy transition, supplemented by a RESTful API code snippet for integrating tourism and energy data. The code aims to synchronize critical information, enabling strategic decision-making and enhancing sustainable tourism and energy practices.
Conclusion
Croatia's progress in tourism development and energy transition, underpinned by EU integration and infrastructure modernization, has shown remarkable promise. The strategic focus on sustainable tourism aims to enhance visitor experiences while minimizing environmental impacts. By prioritizing quality over quantity, Croatia is not only extending its tourist season but also promoting year-round tourism in inland regions. Simultaneously, the energy sector is undergoing a transformation, with substantial investments of €652 million in renewable projects and energy efficiency. The green energy transition is set to reduce carbon emissions and improve waste management, aligning with EU climate targets.
Looking ahead, Croatia’s commitment to sustainable development and EU regulatory alignment is expected to foster economic resilience. Enhanced infrastructure and digitalization will likely streamline operations across sectors, promoting both tourism and energy markets. The long-term outlook remains positive, with potential for increased foreign investment and sustainable growth supported by continued policy reform and innovation.
RESTful API for Synchronizing Tourism and Energy Data
from flask import Flask, request, jsonify
from functools import wraps
import jwt
import time
app = Flask(__name__)
SECRET_KEY = 'your_secret_key'
def token_required(f):
@wraps(f)
def decorated(*args, **kwargs):
token = request.headers.get('x-access-tokens')
if not token:
return jsonify({'message': 'Token is missing!'}), 403
try:
data = jwt.decode(token, SECRET_KEY, algorithms=["HS256"])
except:
return jsonify({'message': 'Token is invalid!'}), 403
return f(*args, **kwargs)
return decorated
@app.route('/data/sync', methods=['POST'])
@token_required
def data_sync():
data = request.get_json()
# Simulate data synchronization process
time.sleep(2) # placeholder for actual sync logic
return jsonify({'status': 'success', 'data_synced': data})
if __name__ == '__main__':
app.run(debug=True)
What This Code Does:
This code provides a RESTful API to securely synchronize tourism and energy data using token-based authentication, ensuring data integrity and security in API interactions.
Business Impact:
The implementation of this API can streamline data operations, reduce manual errors, and enhance the efficiency of data exchange processes, saving significant time for businesses.
Implementation Steps:
1. Set up a Flask environment. 2. Integrate JWT for secure token handling. 3. Deploy the API and test the synchronization functionality.
Expected Result:
{'status': 'success', 'data_synced': {'tourism': ..., 'energy': ...}}
